1、前言
根據統計 2004 年在網路上 Mail 流量約有 85% 以上為廣告信、病毒信,架設郵件伺服器雖然很簡單除了注意不要被當作 Mail Relay 跳板之外,但若要阻檔不請自來的廣告信、病毒信卻很困難,這也是近年來網管人員頭痛的問題許多廠商也看中這個商機紛紛推出許多阻擋廣告信及病毒信的 Box,但其實在 FreeBSD 及其他相關 Open Source 上要阻擋病毒和廣告郵件可以很容易且不需花費任何費用。本次實作為利用 MailScanner 當作郵件閘道 (Mail Gateway) 將郵件內容 (含附加檔案) 進行分析掃瞄,判斷是否屬於已知病毒感染或是廣告郵件並針對信件屬性進行不同處理 (包含郵件主旨標示或刪除),以下則是相關套件任務說明:
- MailScanner: Mail Gateway
- ClamAV: 進行郵件掃毒
- SpamAssasin: 過濾 (Filter) 郵件判斷其內容特徵是否為廣告信 SPAM (為所過濾郵件打分數,分數愈高代表極可能為廣告信)
文章目錄
1、前言2、實作環境
3、ClamAV 部份 (郵件防毒)
步驟1.安裝 ClamAV 套件
4、MailScanner 部份
步驟1.安裝 MailScanner 套件
步驟2.修改 Postfix 設定檔 (main.cf)
步驟3.修改 MailScanner 設定檔 (mailscanner.conf)
步驟4.建立 MailScanner 相關資料夾
5、MailScanner-MRTG 部份
步驟1.安裝 MailScanner-MRTG 套件
步驟2.修改 MailScanner-MRTG 設定檔
6、SpamAssassin 部份
步驟1.安裝 SpamAssassin 套件
步驟2.修改 /etc/rc.conf
步驟3.啟動相關服務
步驟4.產生 MailScanner-MRTG 流量圖
7、ClamAV 更新病毒碼
8、測試阻擋病毒信機制 (Anti-Virus)
9、測試阻擋廣告信機制 (Anti-SPAM)
10、參考
11、Me FAQ
Q1.Error in configuration file line 115, directory /var/spool/MailScanner/incoming?
Q2.Error in configuration file line 119, directory /var/spool/MailScanner/quarantine?
Q3.You need to set the "SpamAssassin User State Dir"?
Q4.Messages found but no hashed queue directories.?
Q5.Cannot open ruleset file?
2、實作環境
- FreeBSD 5.2-RELEASE
- MailScanner-install-4.31.6-1
- clamav-0.74
- mailscanner-mrtg-0.08.01
- p5-Mail-SpamAssassin-2.63_2 (Anti-SPAM)
3、ClamAV 部份 (郵件防毒)
步驟1.安裝 ClamAV 套件
切換至 Ports Tree 路徑安裝 ClamAV 套件,此次實作安裝時請勾選 MILTER 項目。# cd /usr/ports/security/clamav //切換至安裝路徑
# make install clean //安裝套件並清除暫存檔案
4、MailScanner 部份
步驟1.安裝 MailScanner 套件
切換至 Ports Tree 路徑安裝 MailScanner 套件。# cd /usr/ports/mail/mailscanner //切換至安裝路徑
# make install //安裝套件
# make initial-config //安裝(建立)相關設定檔
步驟2.修改 Postfix 設定檔 (main.cf)
修改 Postfix 設定檔 (main.cf),關於詳細 Postfix 安裝及設定請參考站內文章 Postfix-配合 SASLv1 達成 SMTP Auth。# vi /usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf //修改 Postfix 設定檔
#header_checks = regexp:/usr/local/etc/postfix/header_checks //預設值
header_checks = regexp:/usr/local/etc/postfix/header_checks //修改後,移除註解
編輯 header_checks 內容如下:
# vi header_checks //編輯此檔內容如下
/^Received:/ HOLD //通知 Postifx 將訊息移至 HOLD Queue
步驟3.修改 MailScanner 設定檔 (mailscanner.conf)
修改 MailScanner 設定檔 mailscanner.conf 內容如下:# vi /usr/local/etc/MailScanner/mailscanner.conf //修改設定檔內容如下
#Run As User = //預設值
Run As User = postfix //修改後,移除註解並填入 postfix
#Run As Group = //預設值
Run As Group = postfix //修改後,移除註解並填入 postfix
#Incoming Queue Dir = /var/spool/mqueue.in //預設值
Incoming Queue Dir = /var/spool/postfix/hold //修改後,移除註解填入路徑
#Outgoing Queue Dir = /var/spool/mqueue //預設值
Outgoing Queue Dir = /var/spool/postfix/incoming //修改後,移除註解填入路徑
#MTA = sendmail //預設值
MTA = postfix //修改後,移除註解並填入 postfix
#Virus Scanners = none //預設值
Virus Scanners = clamav //修改後,移除註解填入掃毒 clamav
#Use SpamAssassin = no //預設值
Use SpamAssassin = yes //修改後,移除註解並修改為 yes
步驟4.建立 MailScanner 相關資料夾
建立之後 MailScanner 存放相關郵件的資料夾。# mkdir /var/spool/MailScanner //建立郵件資料夾
# mkdir /var/spool/MailScanner/incoming //建立掃瞄郵件資料夾
# mkdir /var/spool/MailScanner/quarantine //建立病毒信郵件資料夾 (病毒信隔離區)
# touch /usr/local/etc/MailScanner/rules/bounce.rules //新增空檔案
建立相關資料夾完成後請修改資料夾的權限 owner:group 為 Postfix 以便之後 Postfix 服務能讀取及寫入相關資料夾。
# chown -R postfix:postfix /var/spool/MailSacnner
5、MailScanner-MRTG 部份
步驟1.安裝 MailScanner-MRTG 套件
切換至 Ports Tree 路徑安裝 MailScanner-MRTG 套件。# cd /usr/ports/mail/mailscanner-mrtg //切換至安裝路徑
# make install clean //安裝套件並清除暫存檔案
步驟2.修改 MailScanner-MRTG 設定檔
在修改 MailScanner-MRTG 設定檔 mailscanner-mrtg.conf、mailscanner-mrtg.cfg 以前,我們可複製範例檔案後再進行修改,而 mailscanner-mrtg.cfg 設定內容與與般 MRTG 設定檔內容相同故不在多作敘述。# cd /usr/local/etc/mailscanner-mrtg
# cp mailscanner-mrtg.conf.sample mailscanner-mrtg.conf
# cp mailscanner-mrtg.cfg.sample mailscanner-mrtg.cfg
# chmod 644 mailscanner-mrtg.conf
# chmod 644 mailscanner-mrtg.cfg
修改 mailscanner-mrtg.conf 設定檔。
# vi mailscanner-mrtg.conf //修改內容如下
#MTA = sendmail //預設值
MTA = postfix //修改後,指定 MTA 為 Postfix
Incoming Queue Dir = /var/spool/mqueue.in //預設值,採用 Sendmail
Incoming Queue Dir = /var/spool/postfix/hold //修改後,採用 Postfix
Outgoing Queue Dir = /var/spool/mqueue //預設值,採用 Sendmail
Outgoing Queue Dir = /var/spool/postfix/incoming //修改後,採用 Postfix
Interfaces to Monitor = fxp0 //預設值
Interfaces to Monitor = em0 //修改後,修改為目前網卡名稱
修改 Apache 設定檔以便屆時連結 MailScanner-MRTG 查看過濾流量表。
# vi /usr/local/etc/apache/httpd.conf //修改 Apache 設定檔內容如下
#MailScanner Setting
Alias /mailscanner-mrtg/ "/usr/local/www/mailscanner-mrtg/"
6、SpamAssassin 部份
步驟1.安裝 SpamAssassin 套件
切換至 Ports Tree 路徑安裝 SpamAssassin 套件。# cd /usr/ports/mail/p5-Mail-SpamAssassin //切換至安裝路徑
# make install clean //安裝套件並清除暫存檔案
步驟2.修改 /etc/rc.conf
修改 /etc/rc.conf 以便系統重新開機時能帶起相關服務。# vi /etc/rc.conf //修改內容如下
sendmail_enable="NONE" //關閉 Sendmail 服務
postfix_enable="YES" //啟動 Postfix 服務
clamav_clamd_enable="YES" //啟動 ClamAV 服務
clamav_freshclam_enable="YES" //啟動 ClamAV 更新病毒碼服務
mailscanner_enable="YES" //啟動 MailScanner 服務
步驟3.啟動相關服務
鍵入下列指令重新啟動相關服務。# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache.sh restart //重新啟動 Apache 服務
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/postfix.sh restart //重新啟動 Postfix 服務
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mailscanner.sh start //啟動 MailScanner 服務
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/clamav-freshclam.sh start //啟動 ClamAV 服務
步驟4.產生 MailScanner-MRTG 流量圖
相關服務啟動成功開始運作後,我們可鍵入如下指令來產生 MailScanner-MRTG 流量圖。# /usr/local/bin/mrtg /usr/local/etc/mailscanner-mrtg/mailscanner-mrtg.cfg
產生 MailScanner-MRTG 流量圖成功後修改排程來定期更新流量圖表 (此次實作為每 10 分鐘更新流量圖)。
# crontab -e //修改排程 (每 10 分鐘更新一次)
*/10 * * * * /usr/local/bin/mrtg /usr/local/etc/mailscanner-mrtg/mailscanner-mrtg.cfg
7、ClamAV 更新病毒碼
您可透過執行下列指令或 clamav-freshclam.sh 來更新 ClamAV 的病毒碼。# /usr/local/bin/freshclam //更新病毒碼
ClamAV update process started at Tue Jul 13 13:56:36 2004 Reading CVD header (main.cvd): OK main.cvd is up to date
(version: 24, sigs: 21793, f-level: 2, builder: tomek)
Reading CVD header (daily.cvd): OK daily.cvd is up to date (version: 402, sigs: 845, f-level: 2, builder: trog)
下列為查看詳細的 ClamAV 病毒碼更新狀況。
# less /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log //查看 ClamAV 更新病毒碼訊息
8、測試阻擋病毒信機制 (Anti-Virus)
成功載入 ClamAV 之後,利用手動輸入病毒信範例郵件內容測試系統的偵測病毒信機制是否成功運作。# telnet localhost 25 //測試連結 SMTP 服務
Trying ::1...
telnet: connect to address ::1: Connection refused
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^'.
220 dmz.weithenn.idv.tw ESMTP Postfix
mail from:weithenn@weithenn.com //寄件者郵件
250 Ok
rcpt to:weithenn@weithenn.org //收件者郵件
250 Ok
data //郵件
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
Subject:Virus test //郵件主旨
X5O!P%@AP4\PZX54(P^)7CC)7}$EICAR-STANDARD-ANTIVIRUS-TEST-FILE!$H+H* //郵件內容
.
250 Ok: queued as 3EAAE40B1 //3EAAE40B1 代表發現 Virus
quit //離開
221 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
用 Outlook Expree 收到剛才測試的病毒信 (主旨為 Virus Test) 如下圖所示:
查看剛才的測試病毒信 (主旨為 Virus Test) 郵件內容為如下訊息,說明 ClamAV 發現此郵件為病毒信並把該病毒信轉到病毒信隔離區去。
At Tue Jul 13 14:51:01 2004 the virus scanner said: ClamAV: msg-41609-17.txt contains Eicar-Test-Signature
Note to Help Desk: Look on the yoursite MailScanner in /var/spool/MailScanner/quarantine/20040713 (message 3EAAE40B1).
查看 maillog 發現病毒信時訊息如下,也是發現郵件為病毒信後把該病毒信轉到病毒信隔離區去。
# tail /var/log/maillog
MailScanner70576: Content Checks: Detected HTML-specific exploits in 311D74127
MailScanner70576: Content Checks: Found 1 problems
MailScanner70576: Content Checks: Detected and will disarm HTML message in 311D74127
MailScanner70576: Saved infected "msg-70576-15.html" to /var/spool/MailScanner/quarantine/20040714/311D74127
MailScanner70576: Requeue: 311D74127 to 9F3A44201
MailScanner70576: Silent: Delivered 1 messages containing silent viruses
預設系統病毒信回報訊息語係為英文,若欲更改可將翻譯後檔案放置於 。/usr/local/share/MailScanner/reports/tw 後並修改 MailScanner 設定檔即可。
# vi /usr/local/etc/MailScanner/MailScanner.conf //更改內容如下
#%report-dir% = /usr/local/share/MailScanner/reports/en //預設值
%report-dir% = /usr/local/share/MailScanner/reports/tw //修改後
用 Outlook Expree 收到剛才測試的病毒信 (主旨為 Virus Test) 如下圖所示,顯示您自行翻譯的中文訊息。
查看剛才的測試病毒信 (主旨為 Virus Test) 郵件內容為如下訊息,說明 ClamAV 發現此郵件為病毒信並把該病毒信轉到病毒信隔離區去。
Thu Jul 15 11:56:19 2004 病毒偵測報告: ClamAV: msg-96270-3.txt contains Eicar-Test-Signature
求助問題: 檢查 MailScanner 機器的 /var/spool/MailScanner/quarantine/20040715 (編號 EA195422F).
9、測試阻擋廣告信機制 (Anti-SPAM)
鍵入如下指令將測試用廣告信寄給使用者 weithenn 測試系統的阻擋廣告信機制是否成功運作。# /usr/local/sbin/sendmail weithenn < /usr/local/share/doc/p5-Mail-SpamAssassin/sample-spam.txt
使用 Outlook Expree 收信後即可發現 MailScanner 將判定為廣告信的郵件在主旨加上 {SPAM?} 標籤如下圖所示:
我們也可透過 maillog 來瞭解當系統偵測到廣告郵件時 Log 的關鍵字。
# tail /var/log/maillog
MailScanner55602: Spam Checks: Found 1 spam messages
建立白名單 (White List):
當 MailScanner 不小心將合作廠商、好友、電子報...等,誤判為廣告信時您可將對方的 Mail Address 加入白名單中,即可避免誤判的情況再度發生。# vi /usr/local/etc/MailScanner/spam.assassin.prefs.conf //修改設定檔內容如下
whitelist_from weithenn@msn.com //白名單 Mail Address
10、參考
- ::: Official Home Page for MailScanner - Anti-Virus and Anti-Spam Filter :::
- mailscanner-mrtg - Extensive Monitoring for MailScanner
- SpamAssassin Configuration Generator
11、Me FAQ
Q1.Error in configuration file line 115, directory /var/spool/MailScanner/incoming?
Error Message:啟動 MailScanner 服務後查看 maillog 發現如下錯誤訊息?
# tail /var/log/maillog
MailScanner41160: MailScanner E-Mail Virus Scanner version 4.31.6 starting...
MailScanner41160: Could not read directory /var/spool/MailScanner/incoming
MailScanner41160: Error in configuration file line 115, directory /var/spool/MailScanner/incoming for incomingworkdir does not exist (or is not readable)
Ans:
原因為修改 MailScanner 設定檔 mailscanner.conf 時設定 incoming 資料夾名稱時打錯字造成,修改後即可。
Q2.Error in configuration file line 119, directory /var/spool/MailScanner/quarantine?
Error Message:啟動 MailScanner 服務後查看 maillog 發現如下錯誤訊息?
# tail /var/log/maillog
MailScanner E-Mail Virus Scanner version 4.31.6 starting...
MailScanner41606: Could not read directory /var/spool/MailScanner/quarantine
MailScanner41606: Error in configuration file line 119, directory /var/spool/MailScanner/quarantine for quarantinedir does not exist (or is not readable)
Ans:
原因為修改 MailScanner 設定檔 mailscanner.conf 時設定 quarantine 資料夾名稱時打錯字造成,修改後即可。
Q3.You need to set the "SpamAssassin User State Dir"?
Error Message:啟動 MailScanner 服務後查看 maillog 發現如下錯誤訊息?
# tail /var/log/maillog
MailScanner41609: User's home directory /var/spool/postfix is not writable
MailScanner41609: You need to set the "SpamAssassin User State Dir" to a directory that the "Run As User" can write to
Ans:
將 /var/spool/postfix 目錄 owner 及 group 設定為 postfix 使服務能順利讀取即可。
# chown -R postfix:postfix /var/spool/postfix
Q4.Messages found but no hashed queue directories.?
Error Message:查看 maillog 發現如下錯誤訊息?
# tail /var/log/maillog
Jul 13 15:54:13 mail MailScanner43478: Messages found but no hashed queue directories. Please enable hashed queues for incoming and deferred with
a depth of 1 or 2. See the Postfix documentation for hash_queue_names and hash_queue_depth
Ans:
請修改 Postfix 設定檔如入如下內容即可
# vi main.cf //加入如下內容
#MailScanner
hash_queue_depth = 1
hash_queue_names = incoming,active,deferred,bounce,defer,flush,hold
Q5.Cannot open ruleset file?
Error Message:查看 maillog 發現如下錯誤訊息?
# tail /var/log/maillog
Jul 21 14:51:18 MailScanner79941: Cannot open ruleset file /usr/local/etc/MailScanner/rules/bounce.rules, No such file or directory
Ans:
請新增此一空檔案 (未新增檔案將造成無法收件)。
# touch /usr/local/etc/MailScanner/rules/bounce.rules